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- INSTRUCTIONS FOR TARGET WORD
-
- TARGET WORD is a word game, with the objective of finding the
- "target word" that the computer has chosen from a list of words
- in a data file. The player uses carefully chosen "probe words"
- and logical analysis to eventually find out the identity of the
- target word.
-
- This game was an original creation of Anatol Holt, and was
- described in the "Mathematical Games" section of Scientific
- American, April, 1969.
-
- GETTING STARTED
-
- There are 7 files in this package: TARGETWD.EXE, which is the
- program itself; FILE3, FILE4, FILE5, and FILE6, which are the
- data files containing target words of length 3, 4, 5, and 6,
- respectively; TOPTEN, which is a data file containing the top 10
- scores for each word length; and this file, the documentation.
-
- You should make a back-up copy of each of these files. When
- running the program, the five data files must be in the same sub-
- directory as TARGETWD.EXE.
-
- TARGET WORD should run on any IBM-compatible PC. A printer is
- optional, but useful.
-
- To run the program, make the proper drive and sub-directory the
- current ones, and type TARGETWD, followed by pressing the ENTER
- key.
-
- PLAYING THE GAME
-
- The main menu has several options, but let's discuss how to play
- the game first. There can be 1, 2, or 3 players, with the players
- taking turns typing in probe words. The computer chooses a
- different target word for each player.
-
- First, choose the length of the target word (3, 4, 5, or 6
- letters long). The shorter the word, the easier is the game.
- Start with a length of 3; the 6-letter words are EXTREMELY
- difficult to determine!
-
- There is an option to output the probe words to the printer, as
- well as to the screen. This may be useful, since words will
- eventually scroll off the screen in a lengthy game. In the one-
- person game, the screen will hold over 50 words before scrolling.
- You can also press the Print-Screen key at any time to get a full
- screen printing.
-
- Each turn consists of typing in a probe word of the same length
- as the target word. All input must be in UPPER CASE; the program
- automatically activates the Caps Lock key when the program is
- started, and deactivates it at the end. The computer compares the
- probe word with the target word, letter by letter. It keeps a
- count of the number of exact matches of letters, and reports the
- total count as either "EVEN" or "ODD". For example, if just one
- letter matches exactly, the computer reports that your probe word
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- was "ODD". Zero matches are reported as "EVEN". Note that for a 3
- letter word, an "EVEN" probe word means either 0 or 2 matches;
- the computer does NOT tell you which case it is.
-
- All of the target words in the data files are English words.
- Words that are always capitalized, hyphenated words, words
- containing apostrophes, and abbreviations are not used.
- Most of the words are fairly common words; there's no obscure
- words like those often found in a crossword puzzle.
-
- The probe words are likewise to be English words, with the same
- limits as noted above. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO USE PROBE "WORDS"
- SUCH AS QRS OR ABC! The computer does not check the validity of
- your probe words, since that would require enormous dictionary
- files.
-
- By carefully selecting probe words and noting whether they are
- odd or even, you will be able to deduce what the target word is.
- When the probe word is an exact match with the target word, the
- computer will tell you. Other players, if any, can then continue
- playing. You may quit at any time, by entering a * for the probe
- word. Again, other players, if any, can continue. Games cannot be
- saved and then continued later.
-
- Let's look at an example of a complete 3-letter game and how one
- can use logical analysis to determine the target word. The
- following example is from the original Scientific American
- article.
- The probe words are:
-
- EVEN ODD
- -------------------
- DAY
- MAY
- SAY
- BUY
- DUE
- TEN
-
- Since the first two words, DAY and MAY, are both "EVEN", the
- first letter of the target word cannot be D or M, else the two
- words would not both be "EVEN". The fact that the third word,
- SAY, is "ODD" (one exact letter match) indicates that S is the
- first letter of the target word, since the S is the only
- difference between SAY and the first two words. It also indicates
- that the A and the Y are wrong.
-
- Looking at MAY and BUY, we know that the M and B are wrong, and
- also the Y is wrong. A and U for the middle letter are also
- wrong, else the words would not be "EVEN".
-
- Since DUE is "ODD", and we know that the D and the U are wrong,
- we conclude that the one matching letter that made DUE odd is the
- third letter, E.
-
- Since the second letter of a 3 letter word is often a vowel, we
- next try TEN and find it "ODD". So we now know that the second
- letter is an E. The target word is therefore SEE.
-
-
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-
-
-
- Note that if YES had been used as a probe word, it would have
- been "ODD", even though it contains 2 letters of the target word.
- The E is a match, but the S is in the wrong position and does not
- count as a match.
-
- After the game is successfully completed, the computer will tell
- you the number of probe words used. If that number is low enough,
- the results are recorded in the TOPTEN file, which is then
- displayed on the screen. A score in the teens is typical for a
- 3 letter word. What about scores for a 6 letter word? Let's not
- even think about that!
-
- OTHER MENU OPTIONS
-
- The data files containing the target words are quite lengthy, and
- I doubt that you will run out of words. The computer randomly
- chooses your target word from the list, and marks it as having
- been used, so it is not used again. However, you may "unmark" all
- of the words in a particular data file if you wish.
-
- You may also add words to a particular file, or erase all of the
- words in a file. If you wish to add your own words, I suggest
- that you erase all of mine, and then type in your own.
-
- I made no attempt to make the data files complete. However, the
- 3-letter file is close to being complete.
-
- If a file consists mainly of marked words (i.e., already used),
- you may find that there is a slight delay as the computer
- attempts to randomly pick an unmarked word. That may be the time
- to unmark the words. The computer will tell you when all of the
- words in a file are marked.
-
- There is an instruction screen option on the main menu. It is not
- nearly as thorough as this documentation, but it will refresh
- your memory about playing the game if this documentation is not
- handy.
-
- OTHER MATTERS
-
- This package is offered to computer users as shareware. Shareware
- is a great concept, and it deserves our support. If it doesn't
- get our support, we all know what will happen! If you like this
- game and intend to play it more than several times, I would like
- for you to send a payment to me. You decide what to send; even a
- dollar would be appreciated. Send to:
-
- David Farrar
- Route 1, Box 135
- Williamsburg, KY 40769
-
- Also, feel free to make copies of this package for anyone that
- you wish. Do copy the complete, original, unaltered files. You
- may not charge for the package, other than a nominal copying
- charge.
-
- I welcome your comments and criticisms. If you find a bug,
- PLEASE let me know. Write to me or send E-mail to CompuServe to
- 73037,162.
- ----------------end-of-author's-documentation---------------
-
- Software Library Information:
-
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- program in accordance with the author's terms of distribution.
-
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